organic compounds (classes)

General formula: \[\ce{RH}\] or \[\ce{C_{n}H_{2n+2}}\]
Example/Molecular formula: \[\ce{C3H8}\]
Systemic name: Propane (-ane)
Structural formula: \[\ce{CH3-CH2-CH3}\]
Skeletal formula:

Functional group: None

General formula: \[\ce{RR^{\prime}C = CR^{\prime\prime}R^{\prime\prime\prime}}\] or \[\ce{C_{n}H_{2n}}\]
Example/Molecular formula: \[\ce{C6H12}\]
Systemic name: 3-Hexene (-ene)
Structural formula: \[\ce{CH3-CH2-CH=CH-CH3-CH3}\]
Skeletal formula:

Display formula:

Functional group: Carbon-carbon double bond (\[\ce{C=C}\])

General formula: \[\ce{RC # CR^{\prime}}\]
Example/Molecular formula: \[\ce{C5H8}\]
Systemic name: 2-Pentyne (-yne)
Structural formula: \[\ce{CH3-C#C-CH2-CH3}\]
Skeletal formula:

Functional group: Carbon-carbon triple bond (\[\ce{C#C}\])

General formula: \[\ce{ArH}\]
Example/Molecular formula: \[\ce{C6H6}\]
Systemic name: Benzene (-ene)
Structural formula: \[\ce{C6H6}\]
Skeletal formula:

Display formula:

Functional group: Aromatic ring

General formula: \[\ce{RX}\], \[\ce{C_{n}H_{2n+1}X}\]
Example/Molecular formula: \[\ce{C5H11Cl}\]
Systemic name: 2-chloropentane (halo-)
Structural formula:
\[\ce{CH3-CH(Cl)-CH2-CH2-CH3}\]
Skeletal formula:

Functional group: Halogen atom

General formula: \[\ce{ArX}\]
Example/Molecular formula: \[\ce{C6H5Cl}\]
Systemic name: Chlorobenzene (halo-)
Structural formula: \[\ce{C6H5Cl}\]
Skeletal formula:

Functional group: Halogen attached to aromatic ring

General formula: \[\ce{ROH}\] or \[\ce{C_{n}H_{2n+1}OH}\]
Example/Molecular formula: \[\ce{C2H5OH}\]
Systemic name: Ethanol (-ol)
Structural formula: \[\ce{CH3-CH2-OH}\]
Skeletal formula:

Functional group: Hydroxyl group

General formula: \[\ce{ArOH}\]
Molecular formula: \[\ce{C6H5OH}\]
Systemic name: Phenol
Structural formula: \[\ce{C6H5OH}\]
Skeletal formula:

Functional group: Hydroxyl group attached to aromatic ring

General formula: \[\ce{ROR^{\prime}}\]
Example/Molecular formula: \[\ce{(C2H5)2O}\]
Systemic name: Diethyl ether (ether)
Structural formula: \[\ce{CH3-CH2-O-CH2-CH3}\]
Skeletal formula:

Functional group: Ether linkage

General formula: \[\ce{RCHO}\] or \[\ce{C_{n}H_{2n+1}CHO}\]
Example/Molecular formula: \[\ce{C6H10O}\]
Systemic name: 3-Hexenal (-al)
Structural formula: \[\ce{CH3-CH2-CH=CH-CH2-CH=O}\]
Skeletal formula:

Functional group: Carbonyl group at chain end

General formula: \[\ce{RC=OR^{\prime}}\], \[\ce{C_{n}H_{2n+1}COC_{m}H_{2m+1}}\]
Example/Molecular formula: \[\ce{C3H6O}\]
Systemic name: 2-Propanone (-one)
Structural formula: \[\ce{CH3-CO-CH3}\]
Skeletal formula:

Functional group: Carbonyl group within chain

General formula: \[\ce{RCOOH}\], \[\ce{C_{n}H_{2n+1}COOH}\]
Example/Molecular formula: \[\ce{C8H16O2}\]
Systemic name: Octanoic acid (-oic acid)
Structural formula: \[\ce{CH3-(CH2)6-COOH}\]
Skeletal formula:

Functional group: Carboxyl group

General formula: \[\ce{RCOOR^{\prime}}\], \[\ce{C_{n}H_{2n+1}COOC_{m}H_{2m+1}}\]
Example/Molecular formula: \[\ce{C9H18O2}\]
Systemic name: Butyl pentanoate (-yl -oate)
Structural formula: \[\ce{CH3-(CH2)3-COO-(CH2)3-CH3}\]
Skeletal formula:

Functional group: Ester linkage

General formula: \[\ce{RCONHR^{\prime}}\] or \[\ce{C_{n}H_{2n+1}CONHC_{m}H_{2m+1}}\]
Example/Molecular formula: \[\ce{C3H7NO}\]
Systemic name: N-Methylacetamide (-amide)
Structural formula: \[\ce{CH3-CONH-CH3}\]
Skeletal formula:

Functional group: Amide linkage

General formula: \[\ce{RNH2}\] (Primary), \[\ce{RNHR^{\prime}}\] (Secondary), \[\ce{RNR^{\prime}R^{\prime\prime}}\] (Tertiary)
Example/Molecular formula: \[\ce{CH5N}\] (Primary), \[\ce{C2H7N}\] (Secondary), \[\ce{C3H9N}\] (Tertiary)
Systemic name: Methylamine, Dimethylamine, Trimethylamine (-amine)
Structural formula: \[\ce{(CH3)3N}\] (Tertiary)
Skeletal formula: (Secondary)

Functional group: Amino group

General formula: \[\ce{RC#N}\]
Example/Molecular formula: \[\ce{C3H5N}\]
Systemic name: Propionitrile (-nitrile)
Structural formula: \[\ce{CH3-CH2-C#N}\]
Skeletal formula:

Functional group: Cyano group

• hydrogenation
  
• organic compounds